MDVR People Counting: Enhance Passenger Flow Management

I. Overview of Core Functions

II. Key Technologies and Camera Compatibility Features

1. Underlying Logic for Supporting IP and AHD Cameras

• IP Cameras: Transmit digital video signals (e.g., H.265/H.264 encoding) via Ethernet or Wi-Fi. The MDVR requires network interfaces (RJ45) or wireless modules (4G/Wi-Fi) to directly receive and analyze digital streams. Advantages include high resolution (e.g., 4K), easy networking, and remote configuration support, making them suitable for scenarios requiring high clarity (e.g., long-distance people counting).
• AHD Cameras: Transmit analog high-definition signals (e.g., AHD 720P/1080P) via coaxial cables. The MDVR must be equipped with an AHD decoding module (e.g., TVI/AHD/CVBS adaptive interfaces). Advantages include simple wiring (no separate networking required), strong anti-interference capability (ideal for complex vehicle electromagnetic environments), and low cost, making them suitable for scenarios prioritizing easy deployment (e.g., retrofitting older vehicles).

2. Core Algorithms for People Counting

• Person Detection: Employs lightweight deep learning models (e.g., YOLOv5-Lite, SSD-MobileNet) to quickly locate human bodies (not just faces) in video frames. It supports recognition of various postures (standing, walking, bending) and scenarios with partial occlusion (e.g., backpacks, luggage) or overlap (e.g., crowded boarding/alighting).
• Trajectory Tracking: Uses multi-object tracking algorithms (e.g., Kalman filter, DeepSORT) to associate the position of the same individual across consecutive frames, avoiding duplicate counts or missed counts caused by vehicle bumps or lens shake.
• Zone Definition and Rule Setting: Users can customize counting zones (e.g., "front-door boarding area," "rear-door alighting area," "cabin full-load zone") and set entry/exit directions (e.g., "crossing from Zone A to Zone B counts as boarding; reverse counts as alighting") via the MDVR management platform or client. The algorithm only counts trajectories crossing zones to improve accuracy.

III. Specific Functions and Application Scenarios

1. Real-Time People Counting and Display

• Real-Time Counting: The MDVR analyzes video streams in real time and displays the total number of people in the current zone (e.g., "58 passengers currently on board") or entry/exit counts (e.g., "12 boarded, 5 alighted between 10:05-10:10") on a local screen (if available) or remote platforms (e.g., PC, mobile app).
• Overload Alarms: When the preset vehicle capacity (e.g., 50 seats for a bus) is exceeded, the MDVR immediately triggers audible/visual alarms (local buzzer + screen prompts) and pushes alarm information (including time, location, and live footage) to the operation platform to prevent safety hazards from overloading.

2. Boarding/Alighting Count and Passenger Flow Analysis

• Separate Boarding/Alighting Counting: Dual cameras (e.g., front-door IP camera + rear-door AHD camera) monitor boarding/alighting zones separately to accurately count "boarding," "alighting," and "net increase" numbers. This assists drivers or dispatchers in adjusting departure frequencies (e.g., shortening intervals during peak hours if few alight at a station).
• Station Passenger Flow Statistics: Integrated with GPS (typically built into MDVRs), the system automatically triggers passenger flow statistics for preset stations (e.g., "XX Bus Stop") upon arrival, generating "station-time-entry/alighting volume" correlation data. This aids in optimizing route planning (e.g., adding more trips at high-traffic stations).

3. Historical Data Statistics and Report Generation

• Data Storage and Retrieval: The MDVR synchronizes people counting data (timestamps, zones, counts, alarm records) with video clips for storage (supports cyclic overwriting or external hard drive expansion). Data can be retrieved by time, route, or vehicle ID, facilitating post-event verification (e.g., reviewing boarding/alighting records during disputes).
• Multi-Dimensional Reports: Through companion management platforms (e.g., CMS systems provided by MDVR manufacturers), daily/weekly/monthly reports can be generated, including:
  • Single-trip passenger flow curves (e.g., boarding volume per 10 minutes during morning peaks);
  • Daily average passenger flow and load factor for routes/vehicles;
  • Peak hour distributions at key stations (e.g., schools, commercial areas).
    These data help operators evaluate route efficiency and adjust resource allocation (e.g., reducing trips during low-demand periods).

4. Abnormal Scenario Monitoring

• Stranded Personnel Detection: After the vehicle stops at a station (triggered by GPS or door status signals), if personnel remain in the monitored zone (e.g., passengers trapped after leaving items, children not disembarking), the MDVR flags this as "stranded" and triggers an alarm to prompt driver inspection.
• Unauthorized Intrusion Monitoring: For freight vehicles (e.g., logistics trucks, refrigerated trucks), if abnormal personnel are detected in the cargo hold during non-loading/unloading periods (e.g., stowaways), the MDVR locks the vehicle doors (hardware-dependent) and alerts the backend to prevent theft or safety incidents.

IV. Technical Advantages and Adaptability

• Multi-Camera Compatibility: Supports both IP and AHD cameras, enabling mixed deployment across new and old vehicles (e.g., retrofitting older vehicles with low-cost AHD solutions, using IP HD for new vehicles) to lower system upgrade barriers.
• Strong Anti-Interference Capability: Algorithms are optimized for in-vehicle scenarios, supporting complex environments such as vehicle bumps (via video stabilization preprocessing), light changes (bright daylight/dim night), and occlusion (e.g., luggage, limb crossings). Counting accuracy reaches 90%–98% (depending on scenario complexity).
• Low Resource Consumption: Edge computing architecture (built-in AI chips in MDVRs) processes analysis locally, eliminating reliance on the cloud, reducing bandwidth consumption, and ensuring real-time performance (counting latency <1 second).