Video Security Monitoring System

Video Security Monitoring System Terminology Video video

Based on the current television mode (PAL color system, CCIR black and white system 625 lines, 2:1 interlace), a baseband signal of about 6 MHz or more is required.

Video detection video detecting

A method of sensing a target using optoelectronic imaging technology (from the near infrared to the visible spectrum) and generating a video image signal.

Video surveillance

Use video detection means to monitor, control and record information on the target.

Video transmission video

Using a wired or wireless transmission medium, the video image signal is transmitted from one place to another directly or through modulation and demodulation, and transmitted from one device to another. The system usually includes video image signals from the front camera to the video host device, from the video host to the display terminal, from the video host to the sub-control, from the video light transmitter to the video light receiver.

Video host video controller/switcher

Usually refers to the video control host, which is the core equipment of the video system*. It can usually complete the switching of the images, the control of the pan and tilt and the lens.

Alarm image review video check to alarm

When an alarm event occurs, the video surveillance system can automatically call the image related to the alarm area in real time to observe and review the state of the scene.

Alarm linkage action with alarm

When an alarm event occurs, other devices than the alarm device are triggered to perform actions (such as alarm image review, lighting control, etc.).

Video audio synchronization synchronization of video and audio

Refers to the simultaneous transfer of video and audio signals from the same site.

Ambient illumination

The physical quantity that reflects the lightness and darkness of the target's environment is numerically equal to the luminous flux passing vertically through the unit area. See Appendix A.

Image quality

It refers to the quality of the optical image that can be distinguished by the observer. It usually includes the number of pixels, resolution, and signal-to-noise ratio, but it is mainly represented by the signal-to-noise ratio. See Appendix A.

Image resolution

Refers to the number of television lines of the target image that can be resolved in a certain length in the horizontal or vertical scanning direction of the display plane. See Appendix A.

Front device terminal device

Refers to various types of equipment distributed on the detection site. In this system, it usually refers to the camera and related equipment (such as lens, pan/tilt, decoding driver, protective cover, etc.).

分控branch console

Usually refers to the control and observation terminal equipment set up outside the central monitoring room.

Video movement alarming

Refers to the use of video technology to detect changes in the scene, once the threshold is set to issue an alarm message.

Video signal loss alarm

When the video host monitors the video signal from the front end, once the peak value of the video signal is less than the set value, the system regards the loss of the video signal and gives a system function of alarm information.

Video security monitoring systems in security systems are different from general industrial television or CCTV systems. It refers specifically to the purpose of security precautions, through a video information system or network that performs video detection, video surveillance, control, image display, recording and playback on the surveillance area.

The component video security monitoring system generally consists of four main parts: front-end, transmission, control, and display recording. The front-end part includes one or more cameras and associated lenses, heads, shields, decoding drivers, etc.; the transmission part includes cables and/or optical cables, and possible wired/wireless signal modulation and demodulation equipment, etc.; control part It mainly includes video switchers, PTZ Camera controllers, keyboards, control communication interfaces, power supplies, and consoles and monitor cabinets. The display and recording devices mainly include monitors, video recorders, and multi-screen splitters.

Video Security Monitoring System Types Video security monitoring system types can basically be divided into two types. One is a local independent work and does not support network transmission and remote network monitoring monitoring systems. This kind of video security monitoring system is usually suitable for internal applications, and both the monitoring end and the monitored end need to be fixed in place. Early video security monitoring systems were generally of this type. Another kind of work can be done independently locally or on a network. It is characterized by support for remote network monitoring. As long as there is a password on a networked computer, security monitoring can be performed anywhere and anytime.

Constitutive model According to the purpose of use, the scope of protection, information transmission methods, control methods, etc., video security monitoring system can have a variety of composition modes.

1, simple correspondence mode: the monitor and the camera simple correspondence.

2. Timing switching mode: At least one video output can be used for timing switching of video images.

3. Matrix switching mode: Any one of the front-end video input signals can be switched to any one-way output monitor through any control keyboard, and various timing switching programs can be programmed.

4, digital video network virtual exchange / switching mode: Analog Camera to increase the digital encoding capabilities, known as Network Cameras, digital video front-end can also be other digital cameras. Digital switching transmission networks can be Ethernet and DDN, SDH and other transmission networks. Digital encoding devices can use DVRs or video servers with recording capabilities. Digital video processing, control, and recording can be implemented at any point in the front-end, transmission, and display.

The control part of the control part of the video security monitoring system mainly includes a video switcher, a pan-tilt lens controller, an operation keyboard, various control communication interfaces, a power supply, an accompanying console, a monitor cabinet, and a system host.

Edit this paragraph video security monitoring system engineering design specifications GB50395-2007 video security monitoring system engineering design specifications 1 General 1.0.1 This section describes the purpose of the development of this specification.

The video security monitoring system is one of the major subsystems in the security technology prevention system. The formulation of this specification is to adapt to the actual needs of safety and prevention projects, in order to improve the quality of engineering design, to provide a national uniform, more scientific and reasonable design specification for the design of video security monitoring system for the majority of engineering designers, but also for intermediary service agencies and government The supervisory and administrative department provides the technical basis for program demonstration, system evaluation and supervision and inspection.

1.0.2 This specification is the supporting standard of "Safety and Precautionary Engineering Technical Specifications" GB 50348, which supplements and refines the general design of the video security monitoring system engineering in GB 50348.

1.0·3 This article emphasizes the overall planning and coordination of engineering construction.

1.0.4 The design of the video security monitoring system, including equipment configuration, equipment control, and display and recording functions, must meet the requirements of the risk level and protection level of each protection target, and emphasize its economic, practical, safe and reliable.

1.0.5 This article specifies the relationship between this specification and other relevant specifications.

This specification is a professional technical specification, and its content covers a wide range. When designing a video security monitoring system, in addition to the technical requirements of this professional scope, the provisions of this specification shall be followed, and there are some other relevant standards that fall outside the scope of this professional. The requirements of the standard should implement relevant standards and norms, but not contradict them. This ensures that the relevant standard 2 terms 2.0.11, 2.0.12 introduce the basic connotations of analog video surveillance systems and digital video surveillance systems.

With video optical transceivers, their end-to-end analog video inputs/outputs are usually considered analog video devices even if they are digitally transmitted through the light.

Digital video surveillance systems typically use network cameras, video servers, or DVRs that have network transmission capabilities. In general, the same digital video device can support concurrent access to multiple users' networks.

2.0.13 introduced the important indicators of the camera's working environment.

2.0.14 ~ 2.0.20 introduced several important concepts related to image performance indicators.

2.0.15 Gray scale in this article refers to the brightness level that can be distinguished from the blackest to the whitest in a television image.

2.0.16 In digital image processing, the method of discarding intermediate image frames according to certain rules is called decimation. If the image frame is discarded improperly, it will cause the loss of important information. This situation is called frame dropping. When the images recorded in the decimation mode are played back, people will feel that the target action is not continuous.

The word “real time” is widely used by people and refers to different occasions. For example, real-time display means that the images to be displayed and displayed in a timely manner are strictly continuous; if real-time recording, the frame rate of recorded images is more emphasized. 25{ Ps; real-time transmission, it is emphasized that the data transmission delay is small enough.

3 Basic provisions 3.0.3 This article describes the important principles and equipment of the selected video security monitoring system. It is a mandatory clause. In order to ensure the reliability and stability of the video security monitoring system, its equipment and materials must be tested or certified by a statutory body so that its performance meets relevant specifications and usage requirements. This is one of the important measures to ensure the design effect.

3.0.4 This article states that the format of the video security monitoring system should be consistent with the current television system in China.

Because the equipment and transmission used in the video security monitoring system have a lot of consistency with the television. For example, the display equipment can be used for monitoring and monitoring. Therefore, the two systems need to be consistent. The signal handled by the analog video security monitoring system is a baseband signal.

3.0.5 System compatibility and extensibility are important prerequisites for meeting the flexible configuration and economic practicality of the system.

1 In order to make the video security monitoring system compatible with each other on the device, it is necessary to maintain the consistency of physical characteristics and input/output signal characteristics at the connection port level.

For example, the analog video input/output impedance and coaxial cable characteristic impedance are based on the current analog television standard; the input/output impedance of the audio review device is in line with the usual characteristic impedance of the normal line.

2 video security monitoring system consists of a variety of devices. These devices are also produced by multiple manufacturers. Therefore, each device must be compatible with each other in terms of technical performance to form a complete system.

3.0.6 This article describes the factors that should be taken into consideration in the design of the system. These factors are also often encountered in the design of video security monitoring systems. Therefore, it is necessary to fully understand the site survey.

1 Analyze the design requirements and identify the design goals.

2 The technical function requirements of the system come from the corresponding risk level and protection level requirements of the protection object and the specific requirements of the competent department or construction unit. The system components must meet these technical requirements.

The display and recording of images, especially the image quality requirements of playback, directly reflect the quality results of the video security monitoring system. Its monitoring effect is directly related to the risk level and protection level.

3Environmental conditions include climate change such as wind, rain, snow, fog, and thunder and lightning, environmental illumination, and electromagnetic radiation. In order to adapt to different use environments, front-end cameras must have corresponding protective measures, such as dust-proof protective cover, outdoor all-weather protective cover should have automatic temperature control, rainwater, sunshade and other measures; cameras used in high-temperature environment should have cooling and cooling measures Underwater cameras must have waterproof and sealed measures; cameras that are used in environments that are flammable and susceptible to corrosion must take appropriate protective measures.

The installation position of the front-end equipment must be combined with the floor plan and site investigation to determine the actual effect, such as the status of the installation surface, and whether or not the line of sight is blocked.

4 The management requirements of the control terminal and system construction are closely related, such as the requirements for setting up the main control and sub-control.

5 video switching control including video input and output signal interface capacity, display allocation, switching requirements (switching time, switching sequence and switching mode requirements, etc.).

6 According to the design requirements of the security system, each subsystem must achieve a linkage relationship. For example, the intrusion alarm subsystem and the entrance and exit control subsystem all require linkage with the video security monitoring subsystem. This requires the video security monitoring subsystem to have a communication interface. The communication protocol must adapt to other subsystems to meet the integration requirements.

7 The analog video image signal produced by the front-end camera device is a 6 MHz baseband signal (current system). In general, video coaxial cables can be used for short-distance transmission (within a few hundred meters) (twisted cable transmission requires attention to actual effects and impedance matching conversion, and video compensation amplifiers are available). Long-distance transmission must be carried out by optical fiber, whether it be a cable or an optical cable. The transmission must be laid through pipes. Therefore, the route should be selected in combination with the environmental conditions and the distribution of the cameras so as to achieve both economical and transmissional requirements. In certain cases, pipelines cannot be laid (insurmountable barriers such as hillside or airport runways). Wireless transmission can be used. That is, the video signal is modulated on a microwave carrier and the receiver demodulates into a video signal. Display records, etc. Wireless transmission is generally within the visual range (otherwise it is forwarded).

In short, the function of the equipment must satisfy the function of the whole system, but the price of the equipment of different grades differs greatly, so choose the equipment of corresponding grade according to investment situation.

3.0.7 This article describes the requirements for the standardization and standardization of design documents. This is the basic requirement for ensuring design quality.

The design documents include the four parts of design specifications, design drawings, major equipment materials list, and project summary (pre-calculation) calculations. In the security industry, the entire set of design documents is generally called a design proposal.

The design drawings shall comply with the provisions of the current national relevant standards; the title column shall be complete and the text shall be accurate. The relevant person shall sign and seal the design unit. Legends should comply with the provisions of the current state-of-the-art standards such as GA/T 74, "General Graphic Symbols for Security Systems".

For high-risk level units or video security monitoring systems with special security requirements, the engineering design should be classified and managed according to security and confidentiality requirements.

4 System Configuration 4.0.2 This section describes the structural modes of the video security monitoring system.

Video security monitoring system design should be based on the actual needs of use, combined with site distribution characteristics and equipment performance, comprehensive balance to select the appropriate structure mode.

In the following modes, the transmission links may be common coaxial cables, multiplexed radio frequency cables, optical cables, wireless microwaves, or digital network transmission media and corresponding interface devices.

1 This paragraph describes the system configuration pattern in the case of fewer monitoring points: the monitor and the camera simply correspond.

2 This subsection describes the system configuration mode in which there are many monitoring points but does not require digital video transmission: At least one video output can be used to perform timing switching of video images.

3 This paragraph describes the system configuration mode under the large-scale simulation mode: It can be a matrix switching control video image with multiple front-end video device inputs and multiple terminal display controls.

The camera is analog, the transmission equipment is an ordinary analog video transmission system, and the central control host is a matrix switching control system.

4 This paragraph describes the system architecture of digital video network virtual exchange/switching. It combines analog camera functions with digital encoding functions. It is a Network Camera. The digital switched transmission network can be a local area Ethernet, or it can be a public digital transmission network such as DDN or SDH. Digital encoding devices are replaced by DVRs on many occasions and have a recording function.

The digital encoding device illustrated in the figure performs digital video/audio conversion only on analog video signals. Digital coding equipment mainly refers to the source coding, which is generally the compression coding of video and audio; the digital decoding equipment mainly refers to the sink decoding; generally the digital video and audio solution camera can be analog or digital; the analog type camera It needs to be converted to a digital video output via a digital video conversion device, and this device is usually located near the installation position of the camera. In this case, the original integrity, real-time, and timely responsiveness of the data are particularly required.

In the larger-scale system interconnection, the original integrity of the video data required here is more reflected in the requirements of the system's physical space security and system operation security.

If the analog camera is transmitted to the monitoring center according to the analog signal, and then it is recorded and displayed by accessing the DVR at the center, it is usually not considered as a digital video monitoring system, because this situation does not well reflect the characteristics of digital video transmission and the like. And advantages.

In the digital networking mode, due to the development of intelligent video technology and distributed storage technology, digital video processing, control, and recording measures can be implemented at any of the front-end, transmission, and display. As the hardware and software computing capabilities are greatly improved, the transmission capacity is further improved, and the cost is further reduced. In the digital video and audio system, the integrated intelligent structure that integrates processing, recording, control, and acquisition or transmission will further emerge. The figure shows only a schematic logical structure.

5 system function, performance design 5.0.1 This section explains the basic requirements of the system function design.

The installation site of the camera mainly focuses on the main passages and activity areas for people, traffic, and logistics in the building, the Access gate area at the boundary of the area, the reception area for important materials or cash, articles, bills, etc., and important material and equipment. The area and its vicinity, important work areas, the perimeter of the building, and other areas that are considered to be installed.

5.0.3 This article emphasizes the basic principle of safe and reliable signal transmission selection.

S. 0.4

8 Emphasis on the timeliness of display reconstruction time and image feedback time of Real-time monitoring images in digital video systems. Since the digital video data needs to be delayed for a certain period of time to refresh the data of the display buffer when the image is switched, there is also a certain delay in the transmission of these new data, and these delayed times constitute the reconstruction time of the display image.

Since the control of a live remote control device such as a remote control camera is to observe the control effect through a feedback image, it is necessary to have a reasonable time balance between controlling the field device and the image observation so as to maintain the coordination of the control action.

5.0.5 This article emphasizes the strict original integrity of the video image quality to ensure the consistency of the back-end display and the actual situation on the scene. The original integrity of the image is an important indicator of the image. If there is an incomplete problem in any aspect of image acquisition, transmission, processing, recording and display, for example, in a digital video system, it is technically possible to change some of the image data. It is obviously black, but it is changed to red. There was a person who was on the scene, but he could not see the person on the display image and destroyed the validity of the image and lost the significance of observation and evidence collection.

5.o.7 video storage capabilities (including storage capacity, recording/playback bandwidth, etc.) and retrieval capabilities should be able to meet management requirements.

Retrieval ability refers to the ability to search target information by recording image information at a suitable speed.

5.0.8 The time and date on the display screen in this section refer to the current time and date of the monitoring image or the time and date of the recording of the playback image.

5.0.9 As an important application of video alarms, equipment should have good operability.

5.0.10 The requirements of this technical performance index and image quality are the basic indicators of the video security monitoring system and the minimum requirements of the system. The indicators of the actual project shall be determined according to the risk level and protection level of the monitored target and the actual site. In general, failing these requirements will not meet security requirements.

The normal working lighting conditions are generally understood as the ambient illumination conditions corresponding to the protection target being monitored.

1 The effectiveness of video security monitoring is limited by factors such as lighting conditions, weather conditions, subject contrast, optical lens indicators, camera sensitivity, etc. Therefore, system indicators only reflect a basic requirement, and each system must be adjusted according to the actual requirements.

In terms of playback, it is related to the immediate location of the monitored target (especially human characteristics). Although the TV line is very high, if the distance is too far away or the lens focal length is too short, the main features of the face are not recorded. (It may be the side or the back, or it may be too few television lines in the target part), and it can not have a satisfactory effect, and increasing the number of cameras installed will increase the cost. So we must do a good job site survey, choose the best configuration parameters.

2 For the digital video image requirements, there will be different special requirements in different applications. For example, for the real-time recording of the teller system, the recording frame rate of emphasis is at least 25 frames/second·road, and dynamic data can be used for general security videos. Recorded images detected, the frame rate is dynamically variable, or is set to a recording method of no less than 6 frames/second·road, but no matter what kind of frame rate, the pixels of a single image of each image are not lower than 352×288 . The general DVR should support the ability to quickly retrieve framed image data.

1 When the image size of the lens imaging is larger than the target size of the camera, the camera image cannot reflect all the images in the field of view; when the image size of the lens imaging is smaller than the target size of the camera, the periphery of the camera image is a blank space. The image is not full. This paragraph explains the use of various focal length lenses.

The interface between the lens and the camera is divided into C type and Cs type. The interface between the lens and the camera should be matched in order to achieve the best focus.

2 The effect of video security monitoring is mainly the detailed requirements of the monitored target. In general, the higher the detail requirement, the longer the focal length of the lens and the smaller the monitoring field of view. However, when the surveillance field of view is required to be large, the focal length of the lens is required to be short. Relatively, the details of the object or person are not clearly observed.

In formula 3,. The factory is approximately equal to the image distance; the height/width of the image field can be replaced by the vertical/horizontal dimensions of the target surface, indicating the height or horizontal width of the image when the full screen is displayed; A and H should correspond, that is, the vertical dimension and the horizontal dimension cannot be cross-corresponded. High corresponds to high. The focal length range of the zoom lens should be determined based on the actual monitoring range; L is approximately equal to the object distance.

In physics, in the formula. The factory should be image distance, but the camera lens is usually used when the object distance is much larger than the image distance and the lens focal length. The object distance is usually in meters, and the focal length is usually in mm level. According to the following focal length formula, you can get In addition, the image distance is usually very close to the focal length of the lens. In the approximate calculation, the image distance can be directly replaced by the lens focal length.

1/f=1/u+1/v

Where f is the lens focal length; u is the object distance of the observed object; v is the image distance of the object.

6 For zoom lenses that need to track moving targets and search for moving targets, the speed of zoom and focus control should be coordinated with actual needs, especially the target moving speed and the speed of the pan/tilt.

6.0.3 The PTZ is a support for carrying cameras and accessories, including manual PTZ and all-round PTZ. The choice of pan/tilt is determined based on the installation angle of the camera and the weight of the support, and there are requirements on the rotation performance (rotational speed, stability and braking performance) of the pan/tilt, so that the on-site adaptability of the camera is further enhanced.

6.0.4 Indoor protective covers are mainly used for dust prevention and moisture proofing, and some of them also play a hidden role.

The shape should be beautiful and easy to install. Outdoor protective cover should generally have all-weather protection function (can prevent high temperature, low temperature, sand, rain, snow, frost, etc.) built-in automatic temperature control, automatic defrost device, the function can be based on the actual use of the weather conditions to choose. The size of the protective cover can be determined according to the actual environment and the camera lens size. It is an important guarantee for camera environment adaptability.

6.0.5 The transmission effect of the image signal directly affects the quality of the video security monitoring system. Under the condition of ensuring the transmission quality, the most economical and practical transmission method is adopted. The choice of transmission mode is crucial to the success of the entire system. Usually, its transmission index should be higher than the overall system indicators (such as bandwidth, delay time, signal-to-noise ratio, average failure-free working time, etc.), and the quality of transmission equipment. You should ensure performance in terms of transmission bandwidth, carrier-to-noise ratio, and transmission delay.

6.0.6 In general, the video switching control device is the control center of the video monitoring system. It is directly related to the management function and operation control level of the entire system, and is an important content of the human-machine interface.

Some video switching control devices also have audio control functions, and the matrix switching function can consider video matrix switching control. This section mainly addresses the requirements of analog video host control equipment. The configuration of the digital video surveillance system host can refer to its functional and performance requirements.

6.0.7 This article states that the recording means can be selected based on the actual application needs and the cost situation. The digital video recording equipment has the characteristics of good preservation and good playback effect and is being used more and more widely.

6.0.8 In video detection, transmission, display and recording, digital video surveillance equipment may be used, but it shall comply with Article 3 of this specification. o. Article 5, Article 5.0.2, Article 5. o. 3, Section 5.0.4 Sections 2, 8, 5th. o. Article 5, Article 5.0.6, Article 5. o. 10 requirements; back end (including transmission) digital device control of the front-end equipment should be coordinated with the observation of the scene image, such as the pan and tilt movements and observed image changes in the tracking of the target, should not appear significantly ahead or behind phenomenon.

The basic functions such as real-time monitoring and control are the basic needs of the video security monitoring system, and are necessary means for on-site observation and control. Therefore, any other means increase, especially some intelligent video and audio analysis equipment, these devices even It can help the check-in staff to solve the problems of physiological and mental fatigue caused by long-term observation of abnormal events in large areas, but it cannot replace the maintenance of these functions.

6. o. 9 The display is an objective reflection of the acquisition, transmission, and control quality of the video signal monitoring system's image signal. Therefore, the model and specification of the display device should be compatible with the scale of the video security monitoring system, such as the size of the control room and the number of video inputs. In general, smaller systems, less control occasions use smaller screens, such as 14 "to 17" (1 ~ 25.4mm), and large systems, control room, large area of ​​the occasion to use 21" or more, especially as The main display device may use 29" or 34", etc. At the same time, the human-machine relationship of the check-in personnel for viewing the image must be fully considered.

Display device performance indicators (mainly sharpness) are higher than the camera to fully reflect the camera's signal level. Since the price of a dedicated display device is high, as long as it can meet the monitoring requirements, a dual-purpose television with a video input terminal may be selected.

The configuration quantity of the display device is based on the number of output channels of the video controller and the image condition that needs to be displayed. Some key positions do not participate in timing switching and are dedicated to display. The image signals participating in the timing are determined according to the display time and the number of timings, which are based on Set the actual management requirements.

The 6·10·10 console is one of the main facilities of the monitoring center. All kinds of keyboards, control switches and frequently operated equipments that are often operated are arranged on the countertops. Therefore, the design of the console must not only consider the arrangement of the various equipments to be convenient for operation, but also be reasonable in appearance, but also take into account the man-machine relationship. The requirements for the comfort of the occupants, GB 7269 {{Layout, Form and Basic Dimensions of Electronic Control Devices, etc.] illustrate the basic requirements.

7 Transmission method, cable selection and wiring 7.0.1 The transmission link is an important condition for ensuring the validity and reliability of signal and energy transmission in the system. For the use of security and privacy requirements, especially when transmitting video images over the public network or wireless network, encryption measures should be considered.

7.0.2 In cable transmission, the coaxial cable is the main cable for transmitting analog video signals and should be properly planned and selected.

Within 300m of the transmission distance of the video signal, the SYV75-5 coaxial cable is recommended.

If it is the interconnection between video equipments within 30m, it is recommended to use the SYV75-3-2 coaxial cable.

More distant video signal transmission, generally can use SYV75-7 coaxial cable, can also be used for active transmission, such as twisted-pair cable or fiber optic cable.

7.0.3 Cabling design should fully consider the distribution of front-end equipment, cable selection, and the distribution of the routing of the piping, in order to facilitate construction, reliable use, and easy protection. The design principle of line routing is the optimal transmission effect, including the following aspects:

To meet the requirements of electromagnetic compatibility: The route of the line should fully meet the requirement that the transmitted signal is not susceptible to interference and leakage.

The optimal length: The route is the shortest and meets the economic principle of saving material and signal attenuation.

Establish the necessary protection of the trough: the laying path is safe and reliable, in line with the system's physical safety and anti-electromagnetic interference principles.

In addition, in line with the provisions of the current construction regulations, this is an important prerequisite for ensuring construction quality.

8 Power supply, lightning protection and grounding 8.0.1 This clause describes the basic requirements for power supply. The main power supply of the video security monitoring system should be considered in terms of primary or secondary loads. The places where video security monitoring systems are installed are all important buildings or places, so ensure normal power supply. In the event of a power outage or accident, the standby power supply should be enabled and automatically switched. In order to protect the system from external lightning impacts and the operational safety of the system, the TN-S AC power supply system should be used.

8.0.2 Since the front-end equipment of the video security monitoring system is installed at a high place (some in the open air), lightning is easily introduced through these devices (cameras, decoding drive boxes, etc.). Not only is it easy to destroy the equipment, but it may also cause personal injury, so it should be Lightning protection measures are listed as the key considerations. For the video security monitoring system of pure cable transmission video signals, attention should be paid to prevent the ground potential from being disturbed and the image is disturbed. Ground-floating front-end equipment, single-point grounding, or photoelectric isolation should be adopted.

Outdoor heights mainly refer to those installation locations that are not within the scope of lightning protection of the building.

9 System Safety, Reliability, Electromagnetic Compatibility, and Environmental Adaptability 9.0.1 The safety of the system needs to take into account not only the ability of the outside world to withstand its own disruptive disturbances, but also the consideration of certain devices for the surrounding environment or the targets to be protected. Impact. In the protection of cultural relics, the use of auxiliary light sources can not damage the cultural relics.

Appendix A Design Process and Depth A. 1 Design flow A. 1.1 This article explains the basic steps of the design process.

Due to historical reasons, the security industry has developed relatively independently for many years, forming some specific terms and working methods. In general, based on security considerations, certain important design aspects and information are requested to be confidential.

1 design task book. It is a technical document prepared by the project construction party on the basis of the feasibility study report of the project project and the design requirements for the engineering project.

It is one of the important documents for project bidding (project), and it is one of the important basis for engineering design by the designer (or contractor).

2 site survey. Before carrying out engineering design, the designer conducts knowledge, investigation, and investigation of all aspects related to system design on the site of the protected object.

3 preliminary design. The project designer (or contractor) carries out program design activities for the engineering construction project based on the design mission statement (or project contract), on-site inspection report, and relevant national laws and regulations, as well as the requirements of current regulations and standards. The technical documents formed during the preliminary design stage shall include: design instructions, design drawings, lists of major equipment materials, and project estimate books.

In the security system, this stage will be deeper than the design depth required by the construction industry, and due to the discretization of security products, it is required to provide the supplier or brand information of the product in order to verify the cost.

Many of the work at this stage made a basic preparation for the design of collaboration between architectural design and other professional designs.

4 program demonstration. It is an evaluation activity organized by the constructors to evaluate the quality of preliminary design documents prepared by the designer (or contractor). It is an important measure to ensure the quality of engineering design. The assessment of the project demonstration is one of the important basis for the formal design of the project.

5 official design. It is a design activity that the designing party (or contractor) conducts deep designing on the preliminary design document based on the evaluation conclusions and rectification suggestions of the program demonstration. The technical documents formed during the formal design stage shall include: design instructions (including implementation measures for rectification ideas), design drawings, major equipment material lists, and project budget books. This stage is equivalent to the construction industry design drawing stage. This specification is called the preparation of construction drawings.

A. 1.2 The design information provided by the construction unit, such as building overview, electrical and piping routing, is an important basis for the design of the video security monitoring system. This provides an important guarantee for the video security system to be prepared for the newly-built construction project. It is an exchange. Design information, an important part of ensuring the feasibility of engineering design.

A. 2 Design task book preparation design task book is the basis of engineering design. At the beginning of the construction of the video security monitoring system project, the construction unit will usually plan the scale, funding sources, and implementation plan of the video security monitoring system project, and prepare a design task book, and may also entrust a unit with the ability to compile it to do the preparation.

A. 3 Site survey For different buildings (groups), the focus of on-site survey is different.

For the construction of video security monitoring systems for existing buildings, all relevant information on the site should be collected in accordance with general principles, such as the original pipeline laying information, building layout information, and historical information on safety management. For the facilities that need protection such as ancient buildings, we also need to understand the feasibility of coordination and installation.

For new construction, emphasize the acquisition of architectural design data.应与建设单位充分沟通，了解未来使用的需求、周围的社情民意和自然环境，与建筑设计单位充分配合，确定好建筑格局和用途，做好管线综合和专业配合（如现场的照明设计信息、供电信息、装饰效果信息和其他安防系统信息等），做好预埋预留的设计工作，减少施工过程中的不必要拆改。

现场勘察报告应由建设单位和设计单位共同签署。

A. 4初步设计A。 4.1、A。 4.2这两条说明系统设计的基本工作思路或者工作内容。特别指出的是随着新建工程的大规模建设，安全技术防范系统工程设计需要直接对建筑设计（物防）和其后的保卫管理措施提出要求和建议，并尽可能满足安全保卫部门在设计前提出的管理要求，这也充分体现了人防、物防和技防相结合的原则。

在这里，特别强调总体构思的要求，这是全面规划、统筹设计的重要环节。一方面结合纵深防护体系的思想，针对现场建筑格局分布情况，合理设定摄像机的设置位置和配置数量；另一方面，还要根据现场分布特点，合理选择传输方式，从而进一步确认技术路线和系统配置。特别针对高风险等级工程项目，应注意对视频安防监控系统的特别设计要求：如低照度，宽动态摄像机要求，摄像机的隐蔽协调安装等。

结合选定的视频安防监控系统设备的特点。对人防和物防提出一些合理化的建议，这是保证视频安防监控系统正常发挥效能的基本条件。以监控中心的设置为例，特别强调值班制度，提出对值机人员和系统管理员素质和数量的基本要求，监控中心防入侵措施与基本生活设施的配置，以及紧急情况下的应急预案等。

A. 4.4

3图纸应能对系统进行有效、准确的描述，并做到与文字说明相互印证和相互呼应，图文表的数据应一致，格式符合规范要求。图纸设计要以能够向审核者和施工者提供完整、明晰、准确的设计信息为目的，不强调几类几张图。

5平面图通常包括前端设备布防图和管线走向图。管线走向设计应对主干管路的路由等进行设计标注，特别是安防管线通6对于某些关键或者特异的安装场所，特别是需要其他专业如建筑装修等配合的情形，要特别指明安装方法，并提供相应的安装工艺示意图，以保证设计方案的可实施性。

7监控中心的设计需在前期就提出与装修、暖通、强电和其他弱电专业的配合要求，以保证值机人员的工作环境。

8主要设备材料清单的编制：从经济上对初步设计进行评估以达到系统的最佳性价比。

A. 5方案论证A。 5.1强调方案的论证、审核和批准，以保证设计方案的科学性和合理性。强调合同的签订，以确保方案实施主体的有效性，以便于落实后续的工作内容。

A. 5.2主要设备材料需要在初步设计的基础上，补充设备材料相应的生产厂家、检验报告或认证证书等资料，以便于评审者确定系统设计的可实施性。

A. 5.3在方案论证内容中，应充分考虑到一些高风险等级的单位的要求，如文博系统对设备材料安装工艺、对实施的可行性、工程造价等给出较为详细的论证。

A. 5.4方案论证的结论可分为通过、基本通过、不通过，对初步设计的整改措施须由建设单位和设计单位确认。

A. 6施工图设计文件的编制（正式设计）

A. 6.1本条所列的依据，并不是设计依据的全部，但这是最关键的内容。

A. 6.2施工图设计文件的编制的主要内容体现了两个目的：

一是针对整改要求和更详细、准确的现场条件，修改、补充、细化初步设计文件的相关内容，确保设备安装的可行性和良好的使用效果（主要是观察效果），着重体现现场安装的可实施性。

二是结合系统构成和选用设备的特点，进行全面的图纸修改、补充、细化设计，确保系统的互联互通，着重体现系统配置的可实现性。

A. 6.3施工图设计文件的编制在原有初步设计文件的基础上，至少完善如下内容：

提供详细的各类图纸，特别需要增加安装大样图、设备连接关系图等。

管线敷设图也可以进一步分解为管路敷设图和线缆敷设图，以利于分阶段组织人员实施，同时保护有关安全信息。预留管线指的是并行预留敷设的管或者线的根数和规格，不是指长度的简单延伸。

按照施工图，编制的设备材料清单和工程预算书，是设备订货和工程实施的重要依据。